The food sharing cases include over a dozen judicial opinions, some published and others not, in both state and federal courts—as well as some controversies that transpire only within the court of public opinion
Though perhaps marginal to mainstream legal scholarship, collectively the food-sharing cases show how some courts, including two circuits of the U.S. Courts of Appeal, have applied First Amendment jurisprudence, and related statutory rights, to protect those who hunger, as well as those who organize themselves to peaceably assemble and publicly share food. Some courts, however, have interpreted First Amendment Free Speech doctrines—particularly “expressive conduct” and “reasonable restrictions on the time, place, and manner” of speech—to deny constitutional protection to those who food-sharing activists.
Over the coming months, foodsharinglaw.net will archive and comment on these judicial opinions. The chart below, which I plan to update with pages for each case, derives from Appendix 1: The Litigated Food-Sharing Cases (listed chronologically), in Marc-Tizoc González, Criminalizing Charity: Can First Amendment Free Exercise of Religion, RFRA, and RLUIPA Protect People Who Share Food in Public?, 7 U.C. Irvine L. Rev. 291, 343-44 (2017).
Case Name | Date of Opinion | Jurisdiction | Citation | |
1. | Armory Park Neighborhood Ass’n v. Episcopal Cmty. Servs. | Aug. 29, 1985 | Ariz. | 712 P.2d 914 (Ariz. 1985) |
2. | Wilkinson v. Lafranz | Jan. 11, 1991 | La. | 574 So. 2d 403 (La. Ct. App. 4 Cir. 1991) |
3. | McHenry v. Agnos (McHenry I) | Jan. 19, 1993 | 9th Cir. | 983 F.2d 1076 (unpublished table decision) |
McHenry v. Jordan (McHenry II) | May 30, 1996 | 9th Cir. | 81 F.3d 169 (unpublished table decision) |
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4. | W. Presbyterian Church v. Bd. of Zoning Adjustment of D.C. (W. Presbyterian Church I) |
Apr. 15, 1994 | D.D.C. | 849 F. Supp. 77 |
W. Presbyterian Church II | Sept. 8, 1994 | D.D.C. | 862 F. Supp. 538 | |
5. | Daytona Rescue Mission, Inc. v. City of Daytona Beach | May 12, 1995 | M.D. Fla. | 885 F. Supp. 1554 |
6. | Stuart Circle Par. v. Bd. of Zoning Appeals of Richmond | Nov. 26, 1996 | E.D. Va. | 946 F. Supp. 1225 |
7. | Abbott v. City of Fort Lauderdale (Abbott I) | June 14, 2000 | Fla. | No. CACE 99-003583(05 (Fla. Broward County Ct. 2001) |
Abbott II | May 2, 2001 | Fla. | 783 So. 2d 1213 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 4 2001) | |
8. | Santa Monica Food Not Bombs v. City of Santa Monica | June 16, 2006 | 9th Cir. | 450 F.3d 1022 |
9. | Sacco v. City of Las Vegas | Aug. 20, 2007 | D. Nev. | 2007 WL 2429151 |
10. | Pac. Beach United Methodist Church v. City of San Diego | Apr. 18, 2008 | S.D. Cal. | 07-CV-2305-LAB-PCL Order of Dismissal |
11. | First Vagabonds Church of God v. City of Orlando (First Vagabonds Church of God I) |
Mar. 31, 2008 | M.D. Fla. | 2008 WL 899029 |
First Vagabonds Church of God II | Jun. 26, 2008 | M.D. Fla. | 2008 WL 2646603 | |
First Vagabonds Church of God III | Sept. 26, 2008 | M.D. Fla. | 578 F. Supp. 2d 1353 | |
First Vagabonds Church of God IV | Jul. 6, 2010 | 11th Cir. | 610 F.3d 1274 | |
First Vagabonds Church of God V | Apr. 12, 2011 | 11th Cir. | 638 F.3d 756 (en banc) | |
12. | Big Hart Ministries Ass’n, Inc. v. City of Dall. | Nov. 4, 2011 | N.D. Tex. | 2011 WL 5346109 |
Big Hart Ministries Ass’n | Mar. 25, 2013 | N.D. Tex. | 3:07-CV-0216-P Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law |
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Big Hart Ministries Ass’n | Mar. 28, 2013 | N.D. Tex. | 3:07-CV-0216-P Final Judgment |
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13. | Chosen 300 Ministries, Inc. v. City of Phila. | Aug. 9, 2012 | E.D. Pa. | 2012 WL 3235317 Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law |
14. | Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs v. City of Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs I) |
Sept. 30, 2016 | S.D. Fla. | 15-60185-CIV-ZLOCH Order on Motions for Summary Judgment |
Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs v. City of Fort Lauderdale (Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs I) |
Oct. 3, 2016 | S.D. Fla. | 2016 WL 5942528 Final Judgment |
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Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs II | Jan. 18, 2017 | 11th Cir. | 2017 WL 1076817 Appellants’ Initial Brief |
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Fort Lauderdale Food Not Bombs II | Aug. 22, 2018 | 11th Cir. | 2018 WL 4000057 Eleventh Circuit Opinion |